Computer Full Forms for SSC Exams
Rahul Kumar
SSC Exam Expert & Content Editor
Updated 03 Oct 2026
In this note
Full forms are a guaranteed source of marks in the computer awareness section of SSC exams. Questions such as "What is the full form of BIOS?" or "CAPTCHA stands for?" appear almost every year. This note gives the most important computer full forms in groups, so you can learn them topic by topic instead of in one long list.
Hardware and Memory
| Short form | Full form | Short form | Full form |
|---|---|---|---|
| CPU | Central Processing Unit | ALU | Arithmetic Logic Unit |
| CU | Control Unit | RAM | Random Access Memory |
| ROM | Read Only Memory | PROM | Programmable Read Only Memory |
| EPROM | Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory | EEPROM | Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory |
| SRAM | Static Random Access Memory | DRAM | Dynamic Random Access Memory |
| BIOS | Basic Input Output System | POST | Power On Self Test |
| CMOS | Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor | SMPS | Switched Mode Power Supply |
| UPS | Uninterruptible Power Supply | USB | Universal Serial Bus |
| HDMI | High Definition Multimedia Interface | VGA | Video Graphics Array |
| HDD | Hard Disk Drive | SSD | Solid State Drive |
| CD-ROM | Compact Disc Read Only Memory | DVD | Digital Versatile Disc |
| GPU | Graphics Processing Unit | PCI | Peripheral Component Interconnect |
| CRT | Cathode Ray Tube | LCD | Liquid Crystal Display |
| LED | Light Emitting Diode | OLED | Organic Light Emitting Diode |
| TFT | Thin Film Transistor | DPI | Dots Per Inch |
| OCR | Optical Character Reader | OMR | Optical Mark Reader |
| MICR | Magnetic Ink Character Reader | BCR | Bar Code Reader |
Software and Programming
| Short form | Full form | Short form | Full form |
|---|---|---|---|
| OS | Operating System | GUI | Graphical User Interface |
| CLI | Command Line Interface | DOS | Disk Operating System |
| API | Application Programming Interface | SDK | Software Development Kit |
| IDE | Integrated Development Environment | DBMS | Database Management System |
| RDBMS | Relational Database Management System | SQL | Structured Query Language |
| ERP | Enterprise Resource Planning | CRM | Customer Relationship Management |
| COBOL | Common Business Oriented Language | FORTRAN | Formula Translation |
| BASIC | Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code | LISP | List Processing |
| PHP | Hypertext Preprocessor | IT | Information Technology |
| ICT | Information and Communication Technology | AI | Artificial Intelligence |
| ML | Machine Learning | IoT | Internet of Things |
| AR | Augmented Reality | VR | Virtual Reality |
File Formats and Codes
| Short form | Full form | Short form | Full form |
|---|---|---|---|
| Portable Document Format | RTF | Rich Text Format | |
| HTML | HyperText Markup Language | XML | eXtensible Markup Language |
| CSS | Cascading Style Sheets | JPEG | Joint Photographic Experts Group |
| GIF | Graphics Interchange Format | PNG | Portable Network Graphics |
| BMP | Bitmap | TIFF | Tagged Image File Format |
| SVG | Scalable Vector Graphics | MPEG | Moving Picture Experts Group |
| MP3 | MPEG Audio Layer 3 | ASCII | American Standard Code for Information Interchange |
| EBCDIC | Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code | BCD | Binary Coded Decimal |
| CSV | Comma Separated Values | GIGO | Garbage In Garbage Out |
Internet and Networking
| Short form | Full form | Short form | Full form |
|---|---|---|---|
| WWW | World Wide Web | URL | Uniform Resource Locator |
| HTTP | HyperText Transfer Protocol | HTTPS | HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure |
| FTP | File Transfer Protocol | SMTP | Simple Mail Transfer Protocol |
| POP | Post Office Protocol | IMAP | Internet Message Access Protocol |
| TCP | Transmission Control Protocol | IP | Internet Protocol |
| UDP | User Datagram Protocol | DNS | Domain Name System |
| DHCP | Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol | ARP | Address Resolution Protocol |
| ICMP | Internet Control Message Protocol | SSH | Secure Shell |
| SSL | Secure Sockets Layer | TLS | Transport Layer Security |
| VPN | Virtual Private Network | ISP | Internet Service Provider |
| LAN | Local Area Network | MAN | Metropolitan Area Network |
| WAN | Wide Area Network | PAN | Personal Area Network |
| WLAN | Wireless Local Area Network | NIC | Network Interface Card |
| MAC | Media Access Control | VoIP | Voice over Internet Protocol |
| MODEM | Modulator Demodulator | OSI | Open Systems Interconnection |
| ARPANET | Advanced Research Projects Agency Network | CC | Carbon Copy |
| BCC | Blind Carbon Copy | SEO | Search Engine Optimisation |
| ISDN | Integrated Services Digital Network | DSL | Digital Subscriber Line |
| NFC | Near Field Communication | RFID | Radio Frequency Identification |
| GPS | Global Positioning System | QR | Quick Response |
Mobile Communication
| Short form | Full form | Short form | Full form |
|---|---|---|---|
| GSM | Global System for Mobile Communication | CDMA | Code Division Multiple Access |
| GPRS | General Packet Radio Service | LTE | Long Term Evolution |
| SIM | Subscriber Identity Module | SMS | Short Message Service |
| MMS | Multimedia Messaging Service | IMEI | International Mobile Equipment Identity |
Security and Digital Payments
| Short form | Full form | Short form | Full form |
|---|---|---|---|
| CAPTCHA | Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart | DDoS | Distributed Denial of Service |
| OTP | One Time Password | PIN | Personal Identification Number |
| ATM | Automated Teller Machine | UPI | Unified Payments Interface |
| NEFT | National Electronic Funds Transfer | RTGS | Real Time Gross Settlement |
| IMPS | Immediate Payment Service | BHIM | Bharat Interface for Money |
Organisations Related to Computers and Internet
| Short form | Full form | Short form | Full form |
|---|---|---|---|
| NIC | National Informatics Centre | CERT-In | Indian Computer Emergency Response Team |
| C-DAC | Centre for Development of Advanced Computing | NASSCOM | National Association of Software and Service Companies |
| UIDAI | Unique Identification Authority of India | MeitY | Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology |
| STPI | Software Technology Parks of India | ICANN | Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers |
| W3C | World Wide Web Consortium | IEEE | Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers |
| ISO | International Organization for Standardization | ITU | International Telecommunication Union |
Tips to Remember Full Forms
- Learn one group at a time and revise it the next day.
- Make flash cards with the short form on one side and the full form on the other.
- Link the full form with the function, for example BIOS (Basic Input Output System) starts the computer and checks hardware.
- Pay extra attention to the full forms that look similar, such as POP and IMAP, or SRAM and DRAM.
- Revise the whole list once a week in the last month before the exam.
Practice Questions With Answers
- What is the full form of BIOS? Answer: Basic Input Output System
- What does CAPTCHA stand for? Answer: Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart
- The full form of MICR is: Answer: Magnetic Ink Character Reader
- What is the full form of SMTP? Answer: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
- What does GUI stand for? Answer: Graphical User Interface
- The full form of MODEM is: Answer: Modulator Demodulator
- What is the full form of ARPANET? Answer: Advanced Research Projects Agency Network
- What is the full form of ASCII? Answer: American Standard Code for Information Interchange
- What does UPS stand for? Answer: Uninterruptible Power Supply
- The full form of URL is: Answer: Uniform Resource Locator
For the concepts behind these terms, read the main Computer Knowledge Notes and the Computer Shortcut Keys note.
About the Author
Rahul Kumar
SSC Exam Expert & Content Editor
Rahul is a senior SSC exam strategist with 8+ years of experience helping aspirants crack CGL, CHSL and MTS exams. He writes in-depth notification breakdowns, exam pattern guides and preparation strategies.