Tatsam, Tadbhav, Deshaj and Videshi Shabd in Hindi (शब्द भंडार): Examples and Questions for SSC

Hindi words are divided by their source (स्रोत) into तत्सम, तद्भव, देशज and विदेशी words. SSC Hindi often asks: "Give the tadbhav of the word अग्नि" or "Which of these is a word of Arabic origin?" These tatsam, tadbhav, deshaj and videshi shabd notes for SSC give the definitions, the important pairs and the foreign words by language.

Four Types of Words by Source

Important Tatsam and Tadbhav Pairs

Foreign Words by Language

How to Identify the Type of a Word

1. If the word is a pure Sanskrit word with heavy sounds (क्ष, ज्ञ, त्र, श्र, ऋ), it is probably तत्सम.
2. If the word is simple and has become short (आग, रात, हाथ) and has a Sanskrit parent, it is तद्भव.
3. If the word has no known parent language and is a local word of daily use (खिड़की, लोटा), it is देशज.
4. If the word has sounds like ज़, ख़, फ़, क़ or an English-like sound, it is likely विदेशी.

Solved Examples

Example 1. "अग्नि" का तद्भव रूप क्या है?
The tadbhav of अग्नि is आग.

Example 2. "चाँद" का तत्सम रूप क्या है?
The tatsam of चाँद is चंद्र.

Example 3. "कैंची" किस भाषा का शब्द है?
It is a word of Turkish origin (तुर्की).

Example 4. "अलमारी" किस भाषा का शब्द है?
It is a word of Portuguese origin (पुर्तगाली).

Quick Tips

• Learn the tatsam-tadbhav pairs in a list of 30 words.
• Learn the foreign words by language (Arabic, Persian, Turkish, English, Portuguese).
• Remember that देशज words have no Sanskrit parent.
• Revise the pairs once a week.

Quick Revision Points

• तत्सम words come from Sanskrit without change.
• तद्भव words come from Sanskrit with a change in form.
• देशज words are made in India.
• कलम and किताब are Arabic, बाज़ार is Persian.
• कैंची is Turkish and अलमारी is Portuguese.

Practice Questions With Answers

1. "अग्नि" का तद्भव रूप क्या है?
   Answer: आग
2. "सूर्य" का तद्भव रूप क्या है?
   Answer: सूरज
3. "रात" का तत्सम रूप क्या है?
   Answer: रात्रि
4. "दूध" का तत्सम रूप क्या है?
   Answer: दुग्ध
5. "कैंची" किस भाषा का शब्द है?
   Answer: तुर्की
6. "अलमारी" किस भाषा का शब्द है?
   Answer: पुर्तगाली
7. "कलम" किस भाषा का शब्द है?
   Answer: अरबी
8. "बाज़ार" किस भाषा का शब्द है?
   Answer: फ़ारसी
9. "खिड़की" किस प्रकार का शब्द है?
   Answer: देशज
10. "स्कूल" किस भाषा का शब्द है?
    Answer: अंग्रेज़ी

How to Practise This Chapter

Practise 10 questions every day and write the steps on paper. Then attempt timed sets from our practice papers and the previous year papers page. See all topics on the General Hindi notes page, read the previous topic Hindi Vartani and the next topic Anekarthi Shabd in Hindi.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are tatsam words?

Tatsam words are Sanskrit words that are used in Hindi without any change.

What are tadbhav words?

Tadbhav words are Sanskrit words that have changed in form, such as आग from अग्नि.

What are deshaj words?

Deshaj words are local Indian words that have no Sanskrit parent, such as खिड़की and लोटा.

What are videshi words?

They are words that Hindi took from foreign languages like Arabic, Persian, English, Turkish and Portuguese.

What is the tadbhav of सूर्य?

The tadbhav is सूरज.

What is the tatsam of हाथ?

The tatsam is हस्त.

What language is the word कैंची from?

It is from Turkish.

What language is the word अलमारी from?

It is from Portuguese.

What language is the word किताब from?

It is from Arabic.

Is this topic asked in SSC exams?

Yes. Tatsam, tadbhav and videshi shabd are asked in Hindi sections.

How can I learn the pairs?

Learn 10 pairs a day and revise them with the flash cards.

What are the common mistakes?

Confusing tadbhav with deshaj words.