Important Articles of the Indian Constitution Notes for SSC Exams: Complete List
Rahul Kumar
SSC Exam Expert & Content Editor
In this note
- 1.Parts of the Indian Constitution
- 2.Articles of the Fundamental Rights (Part III)
- 3.Articles of the Union Executive and the Parliament (Part V)
- 4.Articles of the States, Elections and Services (Parts VI, XIV and XV)
- 5.Emergency and Special Provisions
- 6.The Schedules of the Constitution
- 7.Easy Tricks to Remember Articles
- 8.Important Questions Explained
- 9.Quick Tips to Remember
- 10.Common Mistakes to Avoid
- 11.Quick Revision Points
- 12.Practice Questions With Answers
- 13.How to Practise This Topic
- 14.Related Notes and Practice
- 15.Frequently Asked Questions
PDF Notes: Important Articles of the Indian Constitution Notes for SSC Exams: Complete List
Premium PDF · one-time payment of ₹5 · instant access
The important Articles of the Indian Constitution are the most searched and the most asked part of SSC polity. Every exam has questions like "Article 21 is related to...", "Which Article deals with the President's rule?" and "Which Part has the fundamental rights?". These important Articles of the Indian Constitution notes for SSC give you the Articles, the Parts and the Schedules in clear tables, with easy tricks and 20 practice questions. Read them with the Fundamental Rights Notes, DPSP and Fundamental Duties Notes and Parliament of India Notes notes.
Parts of the Indian Constitution
| Part | Articles | Subject |
|---|---|---|
| I | 1 to 4 | The Union and its territory (see the Union and its Territory Notes note) |
| II | 5 to 11 | Citizenship (see the Citizenship in India Notes note) |
| III | 12 to 35 | Fundamental Rights |
| IV | 36 to 51 | Directive Principles of State Policy |
| IV-A | 51A | Fundamental Duties |
| V | 52 to 151 | The Union (President, Parliament, Supreme Court, CAG) |
| VI | 152 to 237 | The States (Governor, legislature, High Court) |
| VIII | 239 to 241 | The Union Territories |
| IX | 243 to 243O | The Panchayats |
| IX-A | 243P to 243ZG | The Municipalities |
| X | 244 to 244A | Scheduled and Tribal Areas |
| XI | 245 to 263 | Relations between the Union and the States (legislative and administrative) |
| XII | 264 to 300A | Finance, property, contracts and suits |
| XIII | 301 to 307 | Trade, commerce and intercourse within India |
| XIV | 308 to 323 | Services under the Union and the States (UPSC, State PSC) |
| XIV-A | 323A to 323B | Tribunals |
| XV | 324 to 329A | Elections (Election Commission) |
| XVI | 330 to 342 | Special provisions for the SCs, STs and others |
| XVII | 343 to 351 | Official language |
| XVIII | 352 to 360 | Emergency provisions |
| XX | 368 | Amendment of the Constitution |
| XXI | 369 to 392 | Temporary, transitional and special provisions |
| XXII | 393 to 395 | Short title, commencement and repeals |
Part VII (Articles 238, the states of Part B) was repealed by the 7th Amendment, and Part XIX (Miscellaneous, Articles 361 to 367) is also there. The Constitution originally had 395 Articles in 22 Parts and 8 Schedules; now it has about 470 Articles in 25 Parts and 12 Schedules.
Articles of the Fundamental Rights (Part III)
| Article | Subject |
|---|---|
| 12 | Definition of the State |
| 13 | Laws inconsistent with the fundamental rights (basis of the judicial review) |
| 14 | Equality before the law and equal protection of the laws |
| 15 | Prohibition of the discrimination on the grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth |
| 16 | Equality of opportunity in public employment |
| 17 | Abolition of untouchability |
| 18 | Abolition of titles |
| 19 | Six freedoms (speech and expression, assembly, association, movement, residence and profession) |
| 20 | Protection in respect of the conviction for offences |
| 21 | Protection of life and personal liberty |
| 21A | Right to education (6 to 14 years) |
| 22 | Protection against the arrest and detention |
| 23 and 24 | Prohibition of the traffic in human beings and forced labour; prohibition of child labour in the factories |
| 25 to 28 | Freedom of religion |
| 29 and 30 | Cultural and educational rights of the minorities |
| 32 | Right to constitutional remedies |
| 31 | Right to property (repealed by the 44th Amendment; now Article 300A) |
Details of these rights are given in the Fundamental Rights Notes note.
Articles of the Union Executive and the Parliament (Part V)
| Article | Subject |
|---|---|
| 52 | The President of India |
| 53 | Executive power of the Union |
| 54 and 55 | Election of the President (the electoral college and the manner of the election) |
| 61 | Impeachment of the President |
| 63 | The Vice-President of India |
| 64 | The Vice-President as the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha |
| 72 | Power of the President to grant pardons |
| 74 and 75 | Council of Ministers and the Prime Minister; collective responsibility |
| 76 | The Attorney General of India |
| 79 | Constitution of the Parliament |
| 80 and 81 | Composition of the Rajya Sabha and the Lok Sabha |
| 85 | Sessions of the Parliament |
| 93 | Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha |
| 100 | Quorum |
| 108 | Joint sitting |
| 110 | Money bill |
| 111 | Assent to the bills |
| 112 | Annual Financial Statement (the Budget) |
| 123 | Ordinance-making power of the President |
| 124 | Establishment and constitution of the Supreme Court |
| 129 | The Supreme Court as the court of record |
| 143 | Advisory jurisdiction of the Supreme Court |
| 148 | The Comptroller and Auditor General of India |
Articles of the States, Elections and Services (Parts VI, XIV and XV)
| Article | Subject |
|---|---|
| 153 | Governor of the state |
| 161 | Power of the Governor to grant pardon |
| 163 and 164 | Council of Ministers and the Chief Minister of the state |
| 165 | The Advocate General of the state |
| 168 | The state legislature |
| 200 | Assent of the Governor to the bills |
| 213 | Ordinance-making power of the Governor |
| 214 | High Courts |
| 226 | Power of the High Courts to issue the writs |
| 280 | The Finance Commission |
| 300A | Right to property (a legal right) |
| 312 | All India Services |
| 315 | Public Service Commissions (UPSC and State PSC) |
| 324 | Election Commission |
| 326 | Adult suffrage (voting right at 18 years, by the 61st Amendment) |
| 338 | National Commission for the Scheduled Castes |
| 340 | Commission to investigate the conditions of the backward classes |
| 343 | Hindi in the Devanagari script as the official language of the Union |
| 351 | Directive for the development of the Hindi language |
Emergency and Special Provisions
| Article | Subject | Key fact |
|---|---|---|
| 352 | National emergency | Proclaimed on the ground of war, external aggression or armed rebellion; it was declared in 1962, 1971 and 1975 |
| 356 | President's rule in the state | Failure of the constitutional machinery in a state; it lasts 6 months and can be extended up to 3 years with the approval of the Parliament |
| 360 | Financial emergency | Never declared so far |
| 365 | Failure to comply with the directions of the Union | Can lead to the President's rule |
| 370 | Special status of Jammu and Kashmir | Abrogated on 5 August 2019 |
| 371 to 371J | Special provisions for some states | For example, Article 371A for Nagaland, 371B for Assam, 371F for Sikkim, 371G for Mizoram and 371J for Karnataka (Hyderabad-Karnataka region) |
| 368 | Power of the Parliament to amend the Constitution | Procedure of the amendment |
| 395 | Repeal of the Indian Independence Act 1947 and the Government of India Act 1935 | Last Article of the original Constitution |
- The first Article 1 says "India, that is Bharat, shall be a Union of States".
- Article 3 gives the Parliament the power to form the new states and to change the areas, boundaries and names of the states.
- Article 14 to 18 are the right to equality; Article 19 to 22 are the right to freedom.
- Article 21 is the most widely interpreted Article; it includes the right to privacy (the Puttaswamy case, 2017), the right to live with dignity, the right to health and so on.
The Schedules of the Constitution
| Schedule | Subject |
|---|---|
| 1 | The states and the Union territories |
| 2 | Salaries and allowances of the President, Governors, Speaker, judges and the CAG |
| 3 | Forms of oaths and affirmations |
| 4 | Allocation of the seats in the Rajya Sabha |
| 5 | Administration of the Scheduled Areas and the Scheduled Tribes |
| 6 | Administration of the tribal areas in Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram |
| 7 | Union List (100 subjects), State List (61 subjects) and Concurrent List (52 subjects) |
| 8 | The 22 official languages |
| 9 | Land reforms and the other laws (added by the 1st Amendment) |
| 10 | Anti-defection law (52nd Amendment) |
| 11 | The powers of the panchayats (29 subjects) |
| 12 | The powers of the municipalities (18 subjects) |
Memory trick for the first nine schedules: "States, Salary, Oath, Seats, Scheduled, Six, Seven lists, Eight languages, Nine land".
Easy Tricks to Remember Articles
- Group the Articles: 14 to 18 equality; 19 to 22 freedom; 23 and 24 exploitation; 25 to 28 religion; 29 and 30 culture; 32 remedies.
- Link with the number: 21 = life and liberty (the "21" of life); 32 = remedies; 44 = UCC; 51A = duties; 52 = President; 63 = Vice-President; 76 = Attorney General; 79 = Parliament; 110 = money bill; 112 = budget; 124 = Supreme Court; 148 = CAG; 153 = Governor; 214 = High Court; 226 = writs of HC; 280 = Finance Commission; 315 = UPSC; 324 = Election Commission; 352 = national emergency; 356 = state emergency; 360 = financial emergency; 368 = amendment.
- The Articles with the alphabets (like 21A, 43B, 48A, 51A) were added by the amendments.
- Article 370 was abrogated in 2019, and Article 35A was also removed.
Important Questions Explained
Question 1: Which Article of the Constitution deals with the right to life and personal liberty?
Answer: Article 21.
Question 2: Which Article provides for the abolition of untouchability?
Answer: Article 17.
Question 3: Which Article deals with the President's rule in a state?
Answer: Article 356.
Question 4: Which Article provides for the Election Commission?
Answer: Article 324.
Question 5: Which Article provides for the Finance Commission?
Answer: Article 280.
Question 6: Which Article gives the power to amend the Constitution?
Answer: Article 368.
Question 7: Which Article provides for the Attorney General of India?
Answer: Article 76.
Quick Tips to Remember
- Learn the Parts first (22 in the original), because many questions ask the Part.
- Group the Articles in the blocks (14 to 18, 19 to 22, 25 to 28) and remember the block.
- Remember the numbers of the constitutional posts: 52, 63, 76, 124, 148, 153, 165, 214.
- Remember the three emergencies: 352, 356 and 360.
- Revise the changes: Article 370 (2019) and Article 31 (removed in 1978).
- Make a list of the Articles added by the Amendments (21A, 39A, 43A, 43B, 48A, 51A).
Common Mistakes to Avoid
- Mixing Article 32 (SC writs) with Article 226 (HC writs).
- Writing Article 352 for the President's rule (it is Article 356).
- Confusing Article 17 (untouchability) with Article 15 (discrimination).
- Writing the right to property as a fundamental right.
- Mixing the numbers of the Union List, the State List and the Concurrent List.
Quick Revision Points
- Part III: Articles 12 to 35 (Fundamental Rights); Part IV: 36 to 51; Part IV-A: 51A.
- Part V: 52 to 151; Part VI: 152 to 237; Part XV: Elections 324 to 329A; Part XVIII: Emergency 352 to 360.
- Article 21 life; 21A education; 32 remedies; 44 UCC; 52 President; 76 Attorney General.
- Article 110 money bill; 112 budget; 124 Supreme Court; 148 CAG; 153 Governor; 226 HC writs.
- Article 280 Finance Commission; 315 UPSC; 324 Election Commission; 356 President's rule; 368 amendment.
Practice Questions With Answers
- Which Part of the Constitution deals with the Fundamental Rights?
Answer: Part III (Articles 12 to 35). - Which Part deals with the Directive Principles?
Answer: Part IV (Articles 36 to 51). - Which Part deals with the Panchayats?
Answer: Part IX (73rd Amendment). - Which Part deals with the Municipalities?
Answer: Part IX-A (74th Amendment). - Which Article defines the "State" for the fundamental rights?
Answer: Article 12 (Part III). - Which Article abolishes the titles?
Answer: Article 18 (Right to equality). - Which Article provides for the protection of life and personal liberty?
Answer: Article 21 (Most important Article). - Which Article provides for the right to constitutional remedies?
Answer: Article 32 (Heart and soul). - Which Article provides for the President of India?
Answer: Article 52 (Part V). - Which Article provides for the Vice-President?
Answer: Article 63 (Part V). - Which Article provides for the joint sitting of the Parliament?
Answer: Article 108 (Part V). - Which Article provides for the Governor of a state?
Answer: Article 153 (Part VI). - Which Article provides for the High Court writs?
Answer: Article 226 (Part VI). - Which Article provides for the UPSC?
Answer: Article 315 (Part XIV). - Which Article provides for the Election Commission?
Answer: Article 324 (Part XV). - Which Article provides for the national emergency?
Answer: Article 352 (Part XVIII). - Which Article provides for the President's rule in a state?
Answer: Article 356 (Failure of the machinery). - Which Article provides for the financial emergency?
Answer: Article 360 (Never used). - Which Article provides for the amendment of the Constitution?
Answer: Article 368 (Part XX). - Which Schedule contains the anti-defection law?
Answer: Tenth Schedule (52nd Amendment).
How to Practise This Topic
- Write the Parts in a table and learn the first column.
- Learn the Articles in the blocks and then the single important Articles.
- Revise the schedules the next day.
- Attempt the practice questions without looking at the answers.
- Solve the SSC practice papers and the previous year papers for the polity pattern.
Related Notes and Practice
- Fundamental Rights Notes
- DPSP and Fundamental Duties Notes
- Parliament of India Notes
- Supreme Court, High Courts and Writs Notes
- Indian Polity Notes
- SSC practice papers
Frequently Asked Questions
How many Articles were there in the original Indian Constitution?
The original Constitution had 395 Articles in 22 Parts and 8 Schedules. Now it has about 470 Articles in 25 Parts and 12 Schedules.
Which Article gives the right to life and personal liberty?
Article 21 gives the right to life and personal liberty.
Which Article deals with the President's rule?
Article 356 deals with the President's rule in a state when the constitutional machinery fails.
Which Article provides for the national emergency?
Article 352 provides for the national emergency.
Which Article provides for the amendment of the Constitution?
Article 368 gives the Parliament the power to amend the Constitution.
Which Part of the Constitution has the Fundamental Rights?
Part III (Articles 12 to 35) has the Fundamental Rights.
What are the three lists in the Seventh Schedule?
The Union List (100 subjects), the State List (61 subjects) and the Concurrent List (52 subjects).
Which Article was abrogated in 2019?
Article 370, which gave the special status to Jammu and Kashmir, was abrogated on 5 August 2019.
Which Article provides for the Election Commission?
Article 324 provides for the Election Commission of India.
Which Article provides for the Finance Commission?
Article 280 provides for the Finance Commission.
How many questions come on the Articles in SSC exams?
Usually 1 to 3 questions in each exam are directly or indirectly about the Articles of the Constitution.
What is the best way to remember the Articles?
Learn them in the blocks and the Parts, link each important Article with a keyword and revise the table every week with the MCQs.
Previous chapter
Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) and Fundamental Duties Notes for SSC Exams
Next chapter
Constitutional and Statutory Bodies of India Notes for SSC Exams
Rahul Kumar
SSC Exam Expert & Content Editor
Rahul is a senior SSC exam strategist with 8+ years of experience helping aspirants crack CGL, CHSL and MTS exams. He writes in-depth notification breakdowns, exam pattern guides and preparation strategies.