Vachan and Ling in Hindi (वचन और लिंग): Rules, Examples and Questions for SSC CGL, CHSL
Rahul Kumar
SSC Exam Expert & Content Editor
In this note
- 1.Vachan: Singular to Plural Rules
- 2.Words That Are Always Plural (नित्य बहुवचन)
- 3.Words That Are Always Singular
- 4.Ling: Masculine and Feminine Pairs
- 5.Important Masculine and Feminine Words
- 6.Solved Examples
- 7.Quick Tips
- 8.Quick Revision Points
- 9.Practice Questions With Answers
- 10.How to Practise This Chapter
- 11.Frequently Asked Questions
PDF Notes: Vachan and Ling in Hindi (वचन और लिंग): Rules, Examples and Questions for SSC CGL, CHSL
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Vachan (वचन) tells whether a word means one thing (एकवचन) or more than one (बहुवचन). Ling (लिंग) tells whether a word is masculine (पुल्लिंग) or feminine (स्त्रीलिंग). SSC Hindi often asks: "Change the vachan of the word" or "Give the feminine of the word". These vachan and ling in Hindi notes for SSC give the rules and the important lists in simple tables.
Vachan: Singular to Plural Rules
| Rule | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Masculine words ending in आ change to ए | लड़का, घोड़ा, कपड़ा | लड़के, घोड़े, कपड़े |
| Feminine words ending in ई change to इयाँ | नदी, लड़की, बिजली | नदियाँ, लड़कियाँ, बिजलियाँ |
| Feminine words ending in अ add एँ | पुस्तक, रात, बात | पुस्तकें, रातें, बातें |
| Feminine words ending in आ add एँ | माता, कथा, भाषा | माताएँ, कथाएँ, भाषाएँ |
| Feminine words ending in या add याँ | चिड़िया, गुड़िया | चिड़ियाँ, गुड़ियाँ |
| Feminine words ending in ऊ add एँ (the ऊ becomes उ) | बहू, वधू | बहुएँ, वधुएँ |
| Some words are the same in singular and plural | राजा, पिता, नेता, हाथी | (the verb shows the number) |
Words That Are Always Plural (नित्य बहुवचन)
- प्राण, आँसू, होश, दर्शन, हस्ताक्षर, केश, लोग, समाचार, दाम, अक्षत
- Example: उसके प्राण निकल गए. (not "प्राण निकल गया")
Words That Are Always Singular
- धन, जनता, सोना, चाँदी, पानी, दूध, सत्य, प्रेम, क्रोध (names of materials and feelings)
Ling: Masculine and Feminine Pairs
| पुल्लिंग | स्त्रीलिंग | Rule |
|---|---|---|
| लड़का | लड़की | आ becomes ई |
| नर | नारी | Different word |
| शेर | शेरनी | Add नी |
| माली | मालिन | Add न |
| नौकर | नौकरानी | Add आनी |
| पंडित | पंडिताइन | Add आइन |
| विद्वान | विदुषी | Special form |
| श्रीमान | श्रीमती | Special form |
| सेवक | सेविका | अक becomes इका |
| राजा | रानी | Different word |
| पिता | माता | Different word |
| भाई | बहन | Different word |
Important Masculine and Feminine Words
| पुल्लिंग (Masculine) | स्त्रीलिंग (Feminine) |
|---|---|
| पर्वत, पहाड़, सूर्य, आकाश, दही, पानी, घी, तेल | नदी, पुस्तक, बिजली, रात, ज़मीन, आग, हवा, भाषा |
Words that are tricky: दही (masculine), पानी (masculine), आत्मा (feminine), जाति (feminine), रोटी (feminine), सुबह (feminine).
Solved Examples
Example 1. "लड़का" का बहुवचन क्या है?
The masculine word ends in आ, so the plural is लड़के.
Example 2. "नदी" का बहुवचन क्या है?
The feminine word ends in ई, so the plural is नदियाँ.
Example 3. "शेर" का स्त्रीलिंग क्या है?
The feminine form is शेरनी.
Example 4. "विद्वान" का स्त्रीलिंग क्या है?
The feminine form is विदुषी.
Quick Tips
- Learn the plural rules by the last letter of the word.
- Learn the list of always-plural words.
- Learn the tricky masculine and feminine words (दही, पानी, आत्मा).
- Practise ling pairs with special forms (विद्वान-विदुषी, श्रीमान-श्रीमती).
Quick Revision Points
- आ ending masculine words change to ए in the plural.
- ई ending feminine words change to इयाँ.
- प्राण, आँसू, होश and लोग are always plural.
- दही and पानी are masculine.
- विद्वान becomes विदुषी and श्रीमान becomes श्रीमती.
Practice Questions With Answers
- "लड़का" का बहुवचन क्या है?
Answer: लड़के - "नदी" का बहुवचन क्या है?
Answer: नदियाँ - "पुस्तक" का बहुवचन क्या है?
Answer: पुस्तकें - "शेर" का स्त्रीलिंग क्या है?
Answer: शेरनी - "विद्वान" का स्त्रीलिंग क्या है?
Answer: विदुषी - "श्रीमान" का स्त्रीलिंग क्या है?
Answer: श्रीमती - "माली" का स्त्रीलिंग क्या है?
Answer: मालिन - "चिड़िया" का बहुवचन क्या है?
Answer: चिड़ियाँ - Is "दही" masculine or feminine?
Answer: पुल्लिंग (masculine) - Is the word "प्राण" singular or plural?
Answer: Always plural (नित्य बहुवचन)
How to Practise This Chapter
Practise 10 questions every day and write the steps on paper. Then attempt timed sets from our practice papers and the previous year papers page. See all topics on the General Hindi notes page, read the previous topic Karak in Hindi and the next topic Anek Shabdon ke Liye Ek Shabd.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is vachan in Hindi?
Vachan tells whether a word means one thing (ekvachan) or more than one (bahuvachan).
What is ling in Hindi?
Ling tells whether a word is masculine (pulling) or feminine (striling).
What is the plural of लड़का?
The plural is लड़के.
What is the plural of लड़की?
The plural is लड़कियाँ.
What are nitya bahuvachan words?
They are words that are always used in the plural, such as प्राण, आँसू, होश and लोग.
What is the feminine of विद्वान?
The feminine is विदुषी.
What is the feminine of शेर?
The feminine is शेरनी.
Is पानी masculine or feminine?
पानी is masculine in Hindi.
Is आत्मा masculine or feminine?
आत्मा is feminine.
Is vachan and ling asked in SSC exams?
Yes. They are asked in Hindi grammar sections.
How can I learn the ling pairs?
Learn them in groups, such as pairs with नी (शेरनी), with न (मालिन) and special pairs.
What are the common mistakes?
Using the wrong plural of ई-ending words and forgetting that प्राण and लोग are plural.
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Karak in Hindi (कारक): 8 Karak, Vibhakti Chinh and Examples for SSC CGL, CHSL
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Anek Shabdon ke Liye Ek Shabd (One Word Substitution in Hindi): Important List and Questions for SSC CGL, CHSL
Rahul Kumar
SSC Exam Expert & Content Editor
Rahul is a senior SSC exam strategist with 8+ years of experience helping aspirants crack CGL, CHSL and MTS exams. He writes in-depth notification breakdowns, exam pattern guides and preparation strategies.